A TWO-STAGE SCRAMBLING PROCEDURE: SIMPLE AND STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING. AN EVALUATION OF COVID19'S DATA IN MEXICO

This paper proposes a Randomized Response methodology where the report may be produced by one of two procedures for scrambling. The sampler designs a Bernoulli experiment for deciding which scrambling procedure is to be used by the respondent . Then, the response is modeled by a two stage RR procedure. The interviewed selects one of the two scrambling procedures. The respondent gives the response without informing which procedure was selected. The model is developed for Simple Random Sampling and Stratified designs. The behavior of the proposed models is evaluated using real data of Mexico Covid19. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] En este paper se propone una metodología de Muestreo por Rangos Ordenados mediante un procedimiento de Respuestas Aleatorizadas donde el reporte es producido por uno de dos procedimientos alternativos de enmascaramiento. El muestrista diseña un experimento de Bernoulli para decidir cual de los procedimientos debe ser usado por el entrevistado. Entonces la respuesta es modelada por un nuevo procedimiento de Respuestas Aleatorizadas. El entrevistado selecciona uno de los procedimientos de enmascaramiento. Al responder da una respuesta sin informar cual fue seleccionado. El modelo es desarrollado para el Muestreo Simple Aleatorio y Estratificado. El comportamiento de los modelos propuestos es evaluado usando datos reales de México sobre la Covid19. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Investigación Operacional is the property of Departamento de Matematica Aplicada Facultad de Matematica y Computacion Universidad de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

An anti-CD6 antibody for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with cytokine-release syndrome: report of three cases.

In COVID-19, the inflammatory cytokine-release syndrome is associated with the progression of the disease. Itolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes human CD6 expressed in activated T cells. The antibody has shown to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Its effect is associated with the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines release, including IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α. Here, we report the outcome of three severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with itolizumab as part of an expanded access protocol. Itolizumab was able to reduce IL-6 concentrations in all the patients. Two of the three patients showed respiratory and radiological improvement and were fully recovered. We hypothesize this anti-inflammatory therapy in addition to antiviral and anticoagulant therapy could reduce COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality.

An anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody (itolizumab) reduces circulating IL-6 in severe COVID-19 elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: Since the COVID-19 outbreak an unprecedented challenge for healthcare systems around the world has been placed. In Cuba, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on March 11. Elderly with multiple comorbidities have been the most risky population. Although most patients present a mild to moderate disease, some have developed severe symptoms. One of the possible mechanisms underlying rapid disease progression is a cytokine storm, in which interleukin (IL) -6 seems to be a major mediator. Itolizumab is a humanized recombinant anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody (MAb), with the ability of reducing serum interferon gamma (INF-γ), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and IL-6. Based on these previous results in patients with psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, an expanded access clinical trial was approved by the Cuban regulatory agency for COVID-19 critically, severely and moderately ill patients. RESULTS: We show here a short kinetic of IL-6 serum concentration in the first 24 COVID-19 patients treated with itolizumab. Most of patients were elderly with multiple comorbidities. We found that with one itolizumab dose, the circulating IL-6 decreased in critically and severely ill patients, whereas in moderately ill patients the values didn't rise as compared to their low baseline levels. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that itolizumab could be an attractive therapeutic option to decrease the negative outcome of the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CECMED IIC RD-EC 179, RPCEC00000311. Registered 4 May 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://rpcec.sld.cu/ensayos/RPCEC00000311-Sp or http://rpcec.sld.cu/trials/RPCEC00000311-En.